国家农业科技创新联盟实践与思考

[目的]探讨现阶段如何引导政府科学管理宅基地和农户合理利用宅基地,建立基于农户及其经济行为的宅基地管制调控机制.[方法]采用理论推理和实证分析相结合的方法对农村宅基地管制中农户和政府的决策模式进行分析,对浙江省朱庙村等20个村庄进行问卷调查,以判别分析模型为基础,运用数学建模、调查问卷和数据模拟分析等方法构建较为完善的农村宅基地流转判别模型,并投入实际运用验证.依据影响因素和模型分析结果,从取得、流转、退出等3个方面构建宅基地管制框架.[结果]现行管理制度下宅基地流转的资金补偿、家庭人口数、宅基地面积、闲置宅基地面积大小等4个因素对农户的宅基地流转意愿的判别影响不太显著,年纯收入、受教育年限、年龄及宅基地升值预期等4个因素对农户的宅基地流转意愿的判别影响不太显著;将农户流转意愿判别模型投入实际运用验证,发现模型的判别效果良好.[结论]影响农户是否愿意将宅基地流转出去的主要因素有资金补偿、家庭人口、宅基地面积、闲置宅基地面积.     

我国扩张性货币政策退出的策略分析

本文认为,当前的扩张性货币政策无法解决经济增长方式调整滞后和收入分配失衡等深层次矛盾,并蕴含着财政风险、金融风险与政策信誉风险,这决定了其退出的必然性.从就业、消费和民间投资三个指标来看,扩张性货币政策已逼近安全边界:在时机选择上,我国应先于欧美发达国家实施退出策略;在力度控制上,不仅要考虑经济数据,也要考虑集团利益的制衡;在工具选择上,应结合国情,有计划、有步骤地实施退出策略.另外,应注重与转变经济增长方式、财政刺激计划的退出及国际协调的配合.     

政策认同、非农化能力与农户“两地”退出意愿——兼析土地功能分异的影响及退地方式的认同序列

新型城镇化进程中,土地退出是农民农村退出的关键。对云南省9个县（区）调研资料的分析表明：农户的政策认同会显著增强其退地意愿;非农化能力对农户退地意愿具有门槛效应,非农化能力处于中间水平时与退地意愿显著正相关,但较低或较高时对退地意愿无显著影响;承包地与宅基地的功能分异使农户“两地”退出意愿存在差异,宅基地退出意愿弱于承包地退出意愿;农户更愿意选择低风险和收益稳定持续的退地方式,承包地退出偏好“货币化补偿”方式,而宅基地退出偏好“实物置换”方式。应强化政策宣传,提高农户的政策认同度;要警惕非农化边界效应陷阱,厘清农村土地制度改革与新型城镇化的关系;要构建和完善一种分期、稳定、持续的退地补偿机制,并基于承包地与宅基地的功能分异因“地”施政。     

风险认知、社会信任与农户宅基地退出意愿基于江苏省扬州市418户农户调查的数据

目的 研究风险认知对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响,以及社会信任在两者中的调节作用,探究风险认知对农户宅基地退出意愿的作用机制,引导农户自愿有偿退出宅基地,提高农村土地资源利用效率,促进城乡融合发展具有重要现实意义。方法 文章基于江苏省扬州市418户农户调查数据,采用主成分分析测度风险认知和社会信任等变量,并运用Logit模型对提出的理论假说进行实证检验。结果 （1）实证结果表明,风险认知对农户宅基地退出意愿有负向影响,而社会信任则有正向影响。（2）具体来看,风险认知对高社会信任农户和低社会信任农户宅基地退出的意愿均有负向影响,社会信任能缓解风险认知对宅基地退出意愿的不利影响,人际信任和制度信任都有助于农户宅基地退出意愿的提升;区分在城镇有无住房农户进行异质性分析,也验证了上述研究结论。（3）控制变量中,户主年龄和房屋居住年限对农户宅基地退出意愿具有显著的正向影响,而家庭承包地面积和距离县城距离对农户宅基地退出意愿有显著的负向影响。结论 为进一步推动农户宅基地有序退出,应该完善农户宅基地退出后各项保障政策,改善和提升农户社会信任水平以及构建差别化宅基地退出机制和政策。     

双边投资条约的发展新趋势及中国对策探析

国际投资自由化是大趋势,但不少国家在最新的双边投资条约中都采取了防守策略,强调国家主权的至高无上性,似乎从放权或限制主权走向逐渐收回相关管辖权,主权回归成为这些国家维护经济安全的重要法律政策。通过分析双边投资条约中强调主权回归的新趋势,对中国以后的双边投资条约提供建议。     

黑龙江省民营企业境外上市状况分析及对策建议

近年来,黑龙江省的一些民营企业通过首发上市和买壳上市的方式,在境外上市融资方面进行了有益的尝试,取得很多宝贵的经验,但同时也遇到了对培育民营企业上市资源和推介企业上市工作重视不够、相关部门职责不清,优质上市资源匮乏等问题。应加强对民营企业境外上市工作的宏观管理,积极培育优质上市公司的后备资源,制定对拟上市公司的政策扶持措施,支持行业龙头民营企业的重组发展和做大做强。     

Homestead management in China from the “separation of two rights” to the “separation of three rights”: Visualization and analysis of hot topics and trends by mapping knowledge domains of academic papers in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)

Rural to urban migration under China’s rapid urbanization has created inefficient use of rural homestead land. To address these issues, there is increasing interest in rural homestead system reform in China. Although several reforms have been implemented in pilot areas, reviews of the related accumulated literature are rare. The objectives of this study are the following: (i) to discuss the research transition from the “separation of two rights” to the “separation of three rights” in homestead management and (ii) draw conclusions on current research conditions, hot topics, and trends. This study provides a reference for further and deeper rural homestead system reform in China and regions worldwide. We collected and sorted 640 research papers on the topic of the separation of three rights in homestead (hereinafter referred to as STRH) or the homestead land use rights from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visualize and map knowledge domains. The results show that: (1) From the study of the homestead land use rights to the study of the STRH, there is pronounced synergy between national policies and the number of published papers. The STRH has become a popular research field since 2018. (2) Most researchers are experts and scholars engaged in the study of agricultural economics, civil and commercial law, administrative law, or local legal systems. (3) Current and future studies on the STRH are and will be conducted in terms of the definition of concepts and connotations, confirmation of rights and registration, implementation paths, rural homestead system reform, rural revitalization strategy, reform challenges and countermeasures, risk control, and overall planning. (4) The studies on the STRH have integrity, and show characteristics of inheritance between it and studies on the homestead land use rights. (5) Studies on typical cases for the STRH should be conducted in combination with the latest strategic requirements such as rural land system reform, rural revitalization strategy, and integrated urban and rural development.     

"盲目的爱"还是"由爱生恨"? ——城市认同在职场不公平感与城市逃离意愿间的调节效应

基于公平理论的“问责”和“反事实思考”理论主张，将知识型员工在组织层面体验到的职场不公平与其城市逃离意愿联系起来，然后重点考察个体的城市认同在其中的调节效应。通过问卷调查获取430份知识型员工样本，实证检验发现：知识型员工的职场不公平感会激发其对城市不满，进而提升其城市逃离意愿；更重要的是，城市认同在职场不公平感、城市不满与城市逃离意愿之间，发挥“由爱生恨”的调节效应，即相比低城市认同的个体，职场不公平感对高城市认同个体的城市不满的促进效应更强，由此进一步提升其城市逃离意愿。     

Service robots or human staff: How social crowding shapes tourist preferences

Service providers in tourism and hospitality are beginning to welcome robots as a customer service option. Given this trend, it is important to explore the factors driving tourists' willingness to adopt such new technology. This study focuses on the role of crowding, an environmental factor widely observed in destinations susceptible to over-tourism, in shaping tourists' willingness to adopt service robots. Based on one survey and two experiments, the present research demonstrates that a destination which is more (vs. less) crowded generally motivates tourists to favor robot-provided services rather than those from human staff. Furthermore, findings reveal that this pattern manifests because more (vs. less) social crowding reduces tourists’ motivation to interact with others, as evidenced by social withdrawal tendency.     

Contingent workers' impact on standard employee withdrawal behaviors: Does what you use them for matter?

Previous research has suggested that workforce mixing—simultaneously using contingent workers and standard employees—can negatively affect standard employee attitudes and behaviors. In this study, we consider the impact of two reasons employers choose to use contingent workers (to enhance standard employee employment stability and to reduce labor costs) on standard employee withdrawal behaviors (absenteeism and turnover). We posit that when the aim of using contingent labor is to enhance standard employee employment stability (employment stability contingent labor strategy or ESCLS), the effects on standard employee withdrawal behaviors will differ from when the aim is to reduce labor costs (labor cost contingent labor strategy, or LCCLS). Using a sample of 90 firms that employ a mixed workforce, we examine the influence of ESCLS, LCCLS, and high investment HR systems (HIHRS) on standard employee withdrawal behaviors at the firm level. In addition to supporting the hypothesized direct (positive) effect of LCCLS on standard employee withdrawal behaviors, this study's results support the hypothesized moderating effects of HIHRS on the negative relationship between ESCLS and standard employee withdrawal behaviors and the positive relationship between LCCLS and standard employee withdrawal behaviors. Implications for research and practice and suggestions for further research are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.